［Objective］ The soil conservation function of Baiyangdian basin was evaluated， and the impact of climate and land use change on soil conservation change was quantified， in order to provide scientific basis for promoting ecological environmental protection in Baiyangdian basin. ［Methods］ Based on meteorological， land use， and soil data from 2000 to 2020， the InVEST model was applied to simulate and analyze the spatiotemporal changes in soil conservation in the Baiyangdian basin. Scenario simulations and trend analysis were used to identify the relative contributions of land use and climate change to changes in soil conservation. ［Results］ ① The annual average precipitation in the Baiyangdian basin was 445 mm from 2000 to 2020， with an overall increasing trend. The precipitation in Beijing City and the northeastern part of Baoding City was higher than the basin’s multi-year average. ② From 2000 to 2020， the main land use types in the Baiyangdian basin were cultivated land and forest land， accounting for 40.16%—44.13% and 24.71%—27.72% of the area， respectively. The area of cultivated land and grassland decreased significantly， while the area of forest land and construction land increased significantly. Cultivated land was mainly converted to construction land， and grassland was mainly converted to forest land. ③ In 2000， 2005， 2010， 2015 and 2020， the soil conservation intensity in the Baiyangdian basin was 9 500，9 380，11 000，10 700，12 500 t/km2， respectively. The interannual variation showed a fluctuating increasing trend， with a spatial distribution pattern of higher intensity in the northwest and lower intensity in the southeast. The soil conservation intensity of forest land and grassland was significantly higher than that of other land use types. ④ Climate change dominated the changes in soil conservation in 93.07% of the area， while land use change dominated in 6.93% of the area. ［Conclusion］ Changes in soil conservation in Baiyangdian basin are attributed to the combination effects of climate and land use changes， with climate change being the primary factor.