［Objective］ This study aims to measure changes in rural revitalization levels in China’s arid regions from 2000 to 2022， reveal development trends in rural revitalization and its subsystems from multiple perspectives， explore spatial heterogeneity and potential causes， and provide a scientific reference for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and high-quality development in the region. ［Methods］ An evaluation index system was constructed based on five aspects： industrial prosperity， ecological livability， rural civilization， effective governance， and affluent living. The entropy weight method was used to assess rural revitalization levels in China’s arid regions， and the dominant factors influencing spatial differentiation were analyzed. ［Results］ ① In 2022， the level of rural revitalization in China’s arid regions was relatively low compared to the national average， at 0.343. Significant differences were observed across the revitalization levels of various subsystems. Among them， ecological livability had the highest level， while effective governance had the lowest level but showed the highest annual growth rate and increase. Affluent living exhibited the slowest growth and the smallest increase. The rural revitalization index displayed a distribution pattern of “higher in the east and lower in the west” with low-value areas accounting for 55.10% and high-value areas for only 18.36%. ② The level of rural revitalization in China’s arid regions varied significantly across different climate zones. The sub-humid arid zone had relatively higher rural revitalization indices， whereas the semi-arid and arid zones showed greater development potential. ③ There were notable differences in rural revitalization characteristics were observed among different city types. Megacities had the highest rural revitalization indices， whereas super-large cities exhibited the highest annual growth rate. Medium-sized and small cities lagged behind in rural revitalization， with an increasingly widening gap. ［Conclusion］ China’s arid regions should focus on leveraging their geographic advantages and natural ecological characteristics， formulating targeted policies tailored to local conditions to promote regional rural development.