［Objective］ The impact of agricultural new quality productivity on China’s agricultural carbon emissions was analyzed in order to provide robust data support and theoretical foundations for formulating green agricultural policies， optimizing agricultural resource allocation， and promoting regional collaborative emission reduction in agriculture. ［Methods］ The impact of agricultural new quality productivity on agricultural carbon emissions was systematically analyzed using econometric models， such as the kernel density estimation， spatial Durbin， and spatial attenuation models， and provincial panel data （2012—2022） from 30 provinces （regions） （excluding Xizang Autonomous Region， Taiwan Province， Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR） in China. ［Results］ ① Agricultural new quality productivity significantly reduced carbon emissions. Specifically， when all control variables were included， for every 1% increase in the development level of agricultural new quality productivity， agricultural carbon emissions decreased by 1.601%. ② From a spatial perspective， improving agricultural new quality productivity had a significant spatial spillover effect. ③ Urbanization level and government support had different moderating effects on the ability of agricultural new quality productivity to inhibit agricultural carbon emissions. ④ The carbon reduction effect of agricultural new quality productivity exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity， with more pronounced effects in the western regions， major grain-producing areas， and areas northwest of the Hu Huanyong line. ［Conclusion］ Agricultural new quality productivity has a significant promotional effect on agricultural carbon emission reduction. Additionally， there are spatial spillover effects and heterogeneity characteristics that should be fully considered in the construction of regional collaborative emission reduction mechanisms and precise policy design.