［Objectives］ The changes in soil carbon sequestration rates in different vegetation types and climatic zones at regional scales on the Loess Plateau were analyzed， and the relative importance of different influencing factors was determined to provide a theoretical basis for soil carbon sink assessment and management during vegetation restoration. ［Methods］ Based on the latest soil carbon sequestration database， by integrating 100 published studies （935 observational data points， 55 regions） from 1992 to 2023， changes in soil carbon sequestration and their driving factors during vegetation restoration （afforestation， shrub planting， and abandoned grassland） in the arid and semi-arid Loess Plateau were analyzed. ［Results］ ① The carbon sequestration rates of afforestation and shrub planting 〔0.30 Mg/（hm² · a）〕 were higher than those of abandoned grassland 〔0.10 Mg/（hm² · a）〕. Evergreen plantations had a higher carbon sequestration rate 〔0.45 Mg/（hm² · a）〕 than deciduous plantations 〔0.33 Mg/（hm² · a）〕； however， the latter had a higher total carbon sequestration. After approximately 51 years of restoration， evergreen plantations showed greater carbon sequestration benefits. ② Soil carbon sequestration rates increased with precipitation； however， the extent of change was influenced by vegetation type and restoration duration. ③ At the regional scale， soil carbon sequestration rates initially increased （<30 years） and then stabilized （>30 years）. The average carbon sequestration rates for 0—10， 10—20， 20—30 years， and >30 years were 0.02， 0.13， 0.19， and 0.18 Mg/（hm² · a）， respectively. ④ During vegetation restoration， the main influencing factors of soil carbon sequestration varied across different restoration stages. Overall， it was primarily regulated by climatic factors （precipitation and temperature）. The relative contributions of precipitation， temperature， restoration duration， vegetation type， and initial carbon stock to changes in soil carbon sequestration were 31.8%， 16.3%， 17.7%， 15.9%， and 18.3%， respectively. ［Conclusion］ Establishing an ecological restoration model based on carbon sequestration rates and the sustainability of carbon sequestration capacity is recommended. Increasing the quantity and quality of vegetation through sustainable scientific management can effectively enhance soil carbon sequestration in ecologically fragile areas.