Temporal and spatial distribution of soil erosion in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province from 2018 to 2022
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摘要:
［目的］ 研究关中地区土壤侵蚀时空分布特征，为制定精准有效的水土流失防治政策提供科学参考。［方法］ 基于中国土壤水土流失方程CSLE（Chinese soil loss equation）计算土壤侵蚀模数，采用ArcGIS的区域分析和叠加方法，分析关中地区土壤侵蚀时空分布特征，土地利用类型、坡度及植被覆盖度对土壤侵蚀的影响。［结果］ ①2018—2022年，关中地区水土流失面积减少了568.67 km2，土壤侵蚀等级主要由中度及以上类型转移为微度和轻度。②关中地区土壤侵蚀呈现南北高中间低的分布特征。微度是关中地区主要的侵蚀类型；5 a间，微度及轻度侵蚀范围呈现从中间向两端扩大的趋势，强度及以上侵蚀范围则逐渐缩小。③8°~25°坡度带土壤侵蚀对坡度的敏感性较强；小于8°区域土壤侵蚀对坡度的敏感性较弱。④2018—2022年林地高覆盖度区域水土流失减少面积比例为72.60%，是引起水土流失面积减少的主要原因。⑤林地及耕地是研究区土壤侵蚀发生的主要土地利用类型。［结论］ 关中地区呈现水土流失面积减少和高等级侵蚀强度比例减少的双下降趋势，土壤侵蚀状况好转。8°~25°坡度带是进行坡耕地治理时需要重点关注的区域；高覆盖林地对于减少水土流失面积至关重要。
Abstract:
［Objective］ The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in the Guanzhong region were studied， in order to provide a scientific reference for formulating accurate and effective prevention and control policies for soil erosion. ［Methods］ Based on the Chinese soil loss equation （CSLE）， the soil erosion modulus was calculated. Using ArcGIS for regional analysis and overlay methods， the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of soil erosion in the Guanzhong region were analyzed， along with the effects of land use type， slope， and vegetation coverage on soil erosion. ［Results］ ① From 2018 to 2022， the area of soil erosion in Guanzhong region decreased by 568.67 km2 and the soil erosion grade shifted mainly from moderate and above to slight and mild. ② The spatial distribution of soil erosion in the Guanzhong region was higher in the north and south， but lower in the center. Mild soil erosion is the main type of erosion. Over the past five years， the range of slight and mild erosion has shown a tendency to expand from the middle to the north and south sides， but the range of erosion levels of severe and above has gradually narrowed. ③ The sensitivity of soil erosion to slope was stronger in the 8°—25° slope zone， while it was weaker in areas with slopes less than 8°. ④ From 2018 to 2022， the proportion of reduced soil and water loss in high-coverage forest areas was 72.60%， which was the main reason for the decrease in areas of soil and water loss. ⑤ Forestland and croplands were the primary land-use types where soil erosion occurred in the study area. ［Conclusion］ Guanzhong region showed a double downward trend of reduced soil erosion area and reduced proportion of high-grade erosion intensity， indicating that the soil erosion situation has improved. The 8°—25° slope zone is a key area for sloped farmland management. High-coverage forests are crucial for reducing soil and water loss.