［Objective］ The differences in soil structure and nutrients in shrublands in different habitats were explored to provide a reference for management and ecosystem restoration in desert areas. ［Methods］ Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas in sandy and saline-alkali land in the eastern Tengger Desert were selected as research subjects. Soil particle size composition and soil nutrient content were analyzed. ［Results］ ① The soil particle size of N. tangutorum nebkhas in sandy land and saline-alkali land was mainly fine sand， accounting for 55.03%—74.21% and 44.71%—72.83% of the total content， respectively. Soil sorting was excellent in both habitats. ② The soil fractal dimension of N. tangutorum nebkhas in saline-alkali land （1.86—2.32） was significantly higher than that in sandy land （1.62—1.72）. The fractal dimension shows a decreasing trend from the top of the Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas to the foot of the slope， and also shows a decreasing trend with the increase of soil depth. ③ The contents of TN （3.35—4.24 g/kg）， TP （0.11—0.26 g/kg） and TK （0.44—0.65 g/kg） in the soil of N. tangutorum nebkhas in saline-alkali land were significantly higher than those in the soil of N. tangutorum nebkhas in sandy land （1.48—3.43 g/kg）， TP （0.10—0.22 g/kg） and TK （0.30—0.61 g/kg）. It is positively correlated with the content of fine particles and negatively correlated with the content of coarse particles. ［Conclusion］ The adaptability and improvement capacity of N. tangutorum shrubs in soil environments vary in different habitats. There was a correlation between soil particle composition and nutrient content in N. tangutorum shrub mounds in sandy and saline-alkali lands. Increasing the content of fine soil particles can help improve soil nutrient conditions.