［Objective］ The effects of a combination of microbial （EM） agents and coal fly ash on the physicochemical properties of aeolian sand soil in a mine dump were examined to provide a theoretical reference for future vegetation and ecological restoration of abandoned soil in an opencast mine dump. ［Methods］ Aeolian soil from a wast dump in Manlailiang open-pit coal mine in Ordos City was selected as the research subject. A field-pot experiment was conducted using a two-factor complete experimental design. Four levels of the EM agent （0， 240， 480， and 720 kg/hm²） and four levels of coal fly ash （0， 60，000， 120，000， and 180，000 kg/hm²） were applied to the aeolian soil in different proportions. The effects of different amendment dosages of the dump soil were studied， and the soil quality index was calculated. ［Results］ ①Applying EM agents and coal fly ash significantly improved the physicochemical properties of the soil compared to the control （CK）. The combined application of EM agents and fly ash had a better effect on the soil physicochemical properties than the application of EM agents or fly ash alone. Among the different application ratios， the improvement in the soil physicochemical properties was more pronounced with increasing amounts of coal fly ash. The most significant improvement in soil quality was observed ② When 480 kg/hm² of the EM agent and 180，000 kg/hm² of coal fly ash were applied together. This resulted in a soil quality index of 0.78， which was 147% higher than that of the control （CK）， classifying it as fertile. ③ The growth and photosynthetic indicators of Corethrodendron fruticosum are closely related to the soil physicochemical properties. The Mantel analysis showed that the growth and photosynthetic indicators of C. fruticosum were driven by soil total nitrogen and organic matter. ［Conclusion］ The combined application of the two amendments significantly improved the quality of aeolian soil in the mine dump compared with applying a single amendment with 480 kg/hm² EM agent and 180 000 kg/hm² coal fly ash.