［Objective］ A pilot investigation into soil and water conservation （SWC） supervision for production and construction activities was conductedin the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle in order to provide a scientific reference for exploring more effective SWC supervision technologies， methods， institutional mechanisms， and technical standards. ［Methods］ Utilizing advanced technologies such as 3S technology （remote sensing， geographic information system， global positioning system）， databases， information systems， and mobile networks， combined with on-site verification and field surveys， this study implemented comprehensive SWC supervision for production and construction activities in three typical districts/counties of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle. ［Results］ As the first nationwide pilot study on SWC supervision for production and construction activities， this research achieved significant results and produced a series of replicable outcomes， including： ① A classification system for production and construction activities； ② An SWC supervision system and verification APP for production and construction activities； ③ Innovative supervision technologies and institutional mechanisms. The study found that areas disturbed by production and construction activities accounted for 1.48%—2.01% of the total land area in the three pilot districts/counties， leading to severe soil erosion and inadequate supervision. ［Conclusion］ Production and construction activities are intensive and large-scale， resulting in serious soil erosion and lack of effective SWC measures. The supervision technologies and methods based on 3S technology， databases， and mobile networks were found to be advanced and efficient， with practical supervision systems and APPs. The classification system for production and construction activities was objective and facilitated management. A consensus has been reached among administrative departments on a new institutional mechanism of ‘industry supervision with SWC coordination’.