［Objective］ Research on land cover information extraction and the driving mechanisms of spatiotemporal evolution in the coastal area of the Beibu Gulf was conducted to provide scientific support for regional economic development and sustainable resource utilization. ［Methods］ Focusing on the coastal area of the Beibu Gulf and taking Qinzhou City， Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region， as a case study， the Google Earth Engine （GEE） platform was utilized for imagery. The random forest model was employed by integrating spectral， texture， index， and topographic features to produce land use and land cover change （LUCC） datasets and analyze pattern evolution from 2012 to 2022. The optimal parameter geographic detector was introduced to explore the driving mechanisms. ［Results］ ① The parameter-optimized random forest model was demonstrated to facilitate effective extraction of cover information， with an overall accuracy of LUCC products in each period ranging from 0.88 to 0.92 and kappa coefficients ranging from 0.86 to 0.90. The integration of multiple 4 km × 4 km interpreted patches with a visual comparison of concurrent high-resolution imagery from Google Earth substantiated a high degree of consistency between the interpretation outcomes and the actual configuration of the landforms. The actual layout demonstrated a strong degree of consistency. ② From 2012 to 2022， the forest land area of Qinzhou City increased by 91.93 km²， the cultivated land area decreased by 284.73 km²， and the construction land area increased by 180.05 km². The comprehensive land use dynamics exhibited an upward trend. ③ During the study period， economic dynamics （GDP） and topographic features （elevation， slope） were identified as the primary influencing factors of land use evolution in the study area. ［Conclusion］ From 2012 to 2022， Qinzhou City actively pursued environmental protection while developing its economy. In the future， the city should fully utilize the opportunities and challenges brought by the construction of the Pinglu Canal， scientifically plan land resources， and promote a balanced development of ecological civilization construction and economic growth.