吐鲁番市不同年限人工梭梭林防风固沙效益及其与生物量的关系
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S718.5

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中国沙漠气象科学研究基金项目“极端干旱区吐鲁番市植被固碳能力估算及未来固碳潜力评估”(Sqj20240018); 中央财政林草科技示范推广项目(新[2022]TG09)


Effectiveness of wind and sand stabilization by artificial Haloxylon ammodendron forests of different ages in Turpan City and its relationship with biomass
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    摘要:

    [目的] 评估不同种植年限的人工梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)林对风沙流的防风固沙效益,探索快速评价防风固沙效益的方法,界定生物量—防风固沙效益的下限,为荒漠植被恢复与重建提供科学依据。[方法] 以新疆吐鲁番市的荒漠化区域不同种植年限的人工梭梭林为研究对象,通过野外调查、野外观测和室内分析对其各项防风固沙效益指标进行监测和分析,对比防风固沙效益指标与生物量变化的关系。[结果] ①人工梭梭林随着营造年限的增长,其防风效能、地表粗糙度、地表蚀积量与阻沙效能均随种植年限增加显著提升(p<0.05)。②人工梭梭林随着营造年限的增长,区域内的风速廓线规律发生改变,原生荒漠风速廓线呈现“L”形变化特征,2年生、4年生的人工梭梭林风速廓线呈现出“I”形变化特征,6年生、8年生、10年生的人工梭梭林风速廓线呈现出反“J”形变化特征。③人工梭梭林输沙通量随着营造年限的增加而呈现递减趋势,并随着高度的增长也呈现递减趋势。④基于5种不同年限梭梭林,本研究构建了生物量—防风固沙效益指标模型,其中,立木生物量指数与防风效益、地表蚀积量、地表粗糙度、输沙通量、阻沙效能的关系,最佳函数模型分别为幂函数模型、幂函数模型、二次方程函数、指数函数模型、Logistic函数模型,R2分别为0.651,0.962,0.790,0.804,0.925。⑤若要起到良好的防风固沙效益,人工梭梭林立木生物量指数下限需达到4.94 kg/m2。[结论] 人工梭梭林种植4 a以上时,防风固沙效益可达到稳定状态,可采用相应模型估算评估指标。当人工梭梭林立木生物量指数≥4.94 kg/m²时,可稳定发挥防风固沙效益。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] The aims of this study were to explore the wind and sand flow prevention and stabilization benefits of artificial Haloxylon ammodendron forests with different planting years, rapidly evaluate the wind and sand flow prevention and stabilization benefits, and define the lower limit of the biomass-anti-sand flow prevention and stabilization benefits to provide scientific basis for the restoration and reconstruction of desert vegetation. [Methods] Artificial H. ammodendron forests of varying planting ages in desertified areas of Turpan City, Xijiang Wei Autonomous Region, were selected as the study subjects. Field surveys, observations, and laboratory analyses were conducted to monitor windbreak and sand fixation benefit indicators. The relationships between these indicators and the changes in biomass were compared. [Results] ① The windbreak efficiency, surface roughness, surface erosion-deposition volume, and sand-blocking efficiency of artificial Haloxylon ammodendron forests significantly improved (p < 0.05) with increasing planting age. ② The wind speed profile in the region changed with the growth of artificial H. ammodendron forests. The wind speed profile of the primary desert showed type ‘L’ change characteristics, the wind speed profile of the 2 and 4-year-old artificial H. ammodendron forests showed type ‘I’ change characteristics. The wind speed contours of 6, 8, and 10-year-old planted H. ammodendron forests showed the opposite of type ‘J’ changes. ③ The sand transport flux of the planted H. ammodendron forest showed a decreasing trend with an increase in the establishment period and also showed a decreasing trend with an increase in height. ④ The biomass-windbreak and sand fixation efficiency index model was constructed based on five age-variant H. ammodendron forests, in which the best function models between the standing biomass index and the relationship between windbreak efficiency, surface erosion, surface roughness, sand transport flux, and sand blocking efficiency was the power function, the idempotent function, quadratic function, exponential function, and the logistic function models with R2 values of 0.651, 0.962, 0.790, 0.804, and 0.925, respectively. ⑤ The standing biomass index of artificial H. ammodendron forests must reach a minimum threshold of 4.94 kg/m² to achieve effective windbreaks and sand fixation benefits. [Conclusion] Artificial H. ammodendron forests achieved stable windbreak and sand fixation benefits 4 years of planting. These benefits could be estimated using the relevant models. The forests could stably deliver windbreak and sand-fixation effects when the standing biomass index was ≥4.94 kg/m².

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王璞,孙桂丽,各文婷,孙红月,周志欣.吐鲁番市不同年限人工梭梭林防风固沙效益及其与生物量的关系[J].水土保持通报,2025,45(3):109-118

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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-10
  • 最后修改日期:2025-03-11
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-06-28
  • 出版日期: 2025-06-15