［Objective］ The soil quality characteristics of different slope positions under straw mulching and no-tillage in the black soil region of northeastern China were evaluated to provide a scientific basis for soil quality control and ecological restoration. ［Methods］ Principal component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis （CA） were used to establish a minimum data set （MDS） for soil quality evaluation of no-tillage with straw mulching （NT） and conventional tillage （CK） sloping farmlands in the black soil region of northeast China. The soil quality indices （SQI-PCA， SQI-CA） of the minimum dataset were calculated， and the most suitable minimum dataset soil quality index （SQI-MDS） was selected by comparison with the total dataset soil quality index （SQI-TDS）. Furthermore， the soil quality in the field test area was evaluated and analyzed. ［Results］ ① The minimum data set for soil quality evaluation of sloping farmland in the test area was composed of total porosity， pH， organic matter， total potassium， and available phosphorus. ② The Nash coefficient and correlation coefficient of soil quality indeX in the minimum data set obtained using principal component analysis and the soil quality index in the total data set were higher than the soil quality index in the minimum data set obtained using cluster analysis， indicating that it is more suitable to use the minimum data set determined by using principal component analysis to replace the total data set for soil quality evaluation. ③ According to the minimum data set obtained using principal component analysis， the soil quality was the best in the straw-covered no-till slope （0.661）， with the worst soil quality observed in the traditional tillage slope （0.472）. ④ The main obstacles to soil quality under the NT treatment were bulk density （0.156） and total porosity （0.132）， while the main obstacles in the CK treatment were total phosphorus （0.151） and available potassium （0.159）. ［Conclusion］ No-tillage with straw mulch can effectively improve soil quality and reduce soil nutrient loss and redistribution on cultivated sloping land in the black soil region of northeast China.