Abstract:[Objectives]Fractional vegetation coverage(FVC) serves as a direct indicator of regional ecological conditions. Investigating its spatiotemporal variations and driving mechanisms holds significant practical value for vegetation restoration and ecological conservation.[Methods]Based on MODIS NDVI data, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation coverage in Badong County from 2013 to 2023. It explored differentiation characteristics of vegetation coverage influenced by topography, geology, climate, and other factors. Geodetector and random forest models were employed to identify dominant factors and interaction effects.[Results]① From 2013 to 2023, vegetation coverage in Badong County exhibited a fluctuating upward trend at a rate of 0.0017·a?1, with overall high coverage levels. ② Fractional vegetation coverage showed distinct differentiation across influencing factors: it correlated positively with elevation, slope, and precipitation, but negatively with temperature. It was also influenced by lithology, aspect, vegetation type, and soil distribution. ③ Geodetector analysis identified elevation and temperature as primary drivers (explanatory power >40%), while lithology, geomorphological type, and precipitation were secondary factors. Multi-factor interactions demonstrated synergistic enhancement, with elevation and lithology jointly explaining 55% of variation. Random forest model further validated the importance ranking of dominant predictors: elevation > temperature > lithology > precipitation.[Conclusions]Both geodetector and random forest models highlight elevation as the core driver, followed by temperature, lithology, and precipitation. This study provides theoretical support for vegetation restoration assessment and ecological security optimization in ecologically fragile regions.