[Objective] The effects of parent material and land use patterns on the erosion resistance of typical red soils were explored, in order to provide fundamental data and references for soil erosion control and rational utilization of red soil resources in red soil regions. [Methods] The typical red soil of the Weishui River basin in Hunan Province was taken as the research object. A total of 16 types of red soil-including dry land, paddy fields, gardens, and forests, which were derived from four typical soil parent materials (Quaternary red clay, sandstone, plate shale, and granite)-were selected to study the differences in the anti-erodibility of red soils with different parent materials and land-use types. [Results] ① Land-use types significantly (p＜0.05) affected red soil anti-erodibility. The anti-erodibility and water stability indexes of paddy fields, gardens, and forests were significantly higher (p＜0.05) than those of dry land. ② There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the anti-erodibility of red soil derived from different parent materials, and the interaction between them and land-use type on anti-erodibility was not significant. ③ Land-use types significantly (p＜0.05) changed the content of water-stable aggregate (WSA_0.25) and soil organic matter. The WSA_0.25 of forests was significantly (p＜0.05) higher than that of dry land, and the content of the soil’s organic matter in paddy soil was significantly (p＜0.05) higher than that of dry land, gardens, and forests. ④ The effect of soil-forming parent materials on WSA_0.25 was not significant (p＞0.05), but they significantly (p＜0.05) changed the content of organic matter and clay in red soil, which were significantly (p＜0.05) lower in soil derived from granite than that derived from the other three parent materials. ⑤ Correlation analysis showed that the anti-erodibility and water-stable indexes were significantly (p＜0.05) correlated with WSA_0.25 and the soil's organic matter. [Conclusion] Both land-use types and parent materials can affect the anti-erodibility of red soil by changing WSA_0.25 and the soil's organic matter, but the impact of land-use type on anti-erodibility is significantly stronger than that of the parent material. Hence, the prevention and control of soil and water loss in red soil should be based on the optimization of the adjustment and layout of land-use types, taking soil parent materials into account.