[Objective] The effects of different initial moisture content and rainfall intensities on the splashing characteristics and processes of red soil macro-aggregates were explored, in order to provide a scientific basis for understanding and preventing the splash erosion process of red soil macro-aggregates. [Methods] Red soil macro-aggregates (2—5 mm) were selected for study. Artificially simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to explore the variation patterns of splash erosion and splash erosion rate with four rainfall intensities (30, 60, 90, and 140 mm/h) and four initial moisture content levels of moisture content (10%, 20%, 30%, and saturation). [Results] ① Under the same initial moisture content, the ranges of splash erosion amount for macro-aggregates of red soil at four different rainfall intensities were from 0.05 to 0.27 g, from 0.03 to 0.19 g, from 0.16 to 1.41 g, and from 0.03 to 1.48 g. ② At the same rainfall intensity, the splash erosion of the aggregates under saturated initial moisture conditions all increased significantly (p＜0.05). ③ At the four rainfall intensities, the splash erosion of the aggregates under saturated initial moisture conditions increased by 1.50, 1.11, 3.80, 3.21 times, respectively, compared to the sum of the splash erosion under unsaturated initial moisture conditions (10%, 20%, and 30%). ④ The initial moisture content, rainfall intensity, and their interaction all exerted direct positive effects on the splash erosion of the aggregates, with effect sizes of 0.646, 0.415, and 0.361, respectively. [Conclusion] At an initial moisture content of 20%, an increase in rainfall intensity did not significantly impact the splash erosion of red soil macro-aggregates. Under other initial moisture content conditions, the splash erosion of the red soil macro-aggregates was sensitive to changes in rainfall intensity at the same initial moisture content. Macro-aggregates of red soil were more susceptible to the impact of splash erosion under heavy rainfall (90 mm/h) or extreme rainfall (140 mm/h). At the same rainfall intensity, the saturated initial moisture content increased the occurrence and severity of splash erosion. The initial moisture content and rainfall intensity showed significant, positive correlations with changes in red soil macro-aggregates. Additionally, the initial moisture content was a key factor influencing splash erosion.