[Objective] Evaluation of ecological sensitivity of water level fluctuation zones of river-type reservoirs can clarify ecological risks such as soil erosion and biodiversity decline in the region, and provide a basis for decision-making on ecological safety of reservoirs. [Methods] This paper took the water level fluctuation zone of Longyangxia Reservoir as the research object. Subsequently, GIS technology was used to evaluate the four key factors of soil erosion sensitivity, biodiversity sensitivity, habitat sensitivity, and topographic sensitivity in the study area. Based on the coefficient of variation method, the weight of each factor on the comprehensive ecological sensitivity was determined, and the comprehensive ecological sensitivity was calculated. [Results] (1) Habitat sensitivity and biodiversity sensitivity are at a moderately high level, while soil erosion sensitivity is at a moderately low level, and topographic sensitivity is generally low. (2) The topographic sensitivity and habitat sensitivity factors have the highest weights in the comprehensive ecological sensitivity calculation, at 38.4% and 25.5%, respectively. (3) 75.49% of the study area has a moderately low level of comprehensive ecological sensitivity. [Conclusion] The dominant factors in the ecological sensitivity of the water level fluctuation zone of Longyangxia Reservoir are topography and habitat factors. In terms of ecological sensitivity, the spatial distribution is characterized by the head of the reservoir showing higher sensitivity than the belly, and the belly showing higher sensitivity than the tail. Priority should be given to the protection of the head of the reservoir. The results of the study can reveal the distribution characteristics of ecological risks in the water level fluctuation zone of Longyangxia Reservoir, and provide a reference for the formulation of ecological protection strategies in the sub-area.