[Objective] The influence of urban parks and surrounding landscape patterns on the cold island effect in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, was analyzed, and the cooling impacts and landscape configurations of parks with different types of cold island effect were quantified. in order to provide a scientific basis for understanding the cold island effect of urban parks and alleviating high urban temperatures. [Methods] Twenty-three parks were selected from the list of urban parks in Fuzhou City, and the radiative transfer equation was used to invert the land surface temperature based on Landsat 8 and GF-1 as well as other remote sensing data. For each park, the correlations between the scale, shape, internal and surrounding landscape components, vegetation coverage, building height, and economic development and the exerted cold island effect were analyzed. A logarithmic function curve was fitted between park area and the cumulative gradient of the cold island effect to calculate the cooling efficiency threshold. The cooling effect was used as basis to divide the types of cold island effect of parks, and the respective cooling characteristics and park configurations were analyzed. [Results] ① The heat island effect in the main urban area of Fuzhou City was significant, and the cooling effect of the parks was obvious provided noticeable cooling. ② The cold island effect of parks was significantly correlated with the scale, shape, and internal and surrounding landscape components and weakly correlated with vegetation coverage, while there were no significant correlations with building height and economic development. ③ The cooling efficiency threshold of parks in Fuzhou City was 0.22 hm². ④ The types of cold island effect of parks were divided into strong, sub-strong, and low based on the normalized average temperature and cumulative gradient of the cold island effect. Each type hads distinct cooling effects and landscape patterns suitable for suburban, urban, and crowded areas with limited land. [Conclusion] Future park planning and layout should consider the types of cold island effect of parks and respective landscape patterns, and park scale and landscape composition should be rationally distributed to minimize the park scale and achieve maximum alleviation of the urban heat island effect.