[Objective] The evolution process of land use conflict and its formation and change mechanisms were explored to promote the alleviation of regional land-use conflict and optimize the allocation of regional land resources. [Methods] Based on a spatiotemporal dynamic process, a model for identifying land-use conflicts developed from a landscape pattern perspective was applied to diagnose land-use conflict situations across five periods (2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020) in Wuhu City, Anhui Province. By integrating the Bayesian hierarchical spatiotemporal model and the optimal parameter-based geographical detector, a framework was established to understand the formation mechanisms of the spatiotemporal dynamics of land-use conflicts, identifying the spatiotemporal dynamics and driving forces of land use conflicts in Wuhu City. The PLUS model was applied to conduct multi-scenario simulations and conflict mitigation analyses for land use in Wuhu City in 2030. [Results] ① Over the study period, the level of land-use conflicts in Wuhu City fluctuated upward, with the spatial pattern predominantly displaying a higher conflict density in the south and lower in the north, continuously expanding along the Changjiang River axis. Hotspots of local variation were concentrated in the urban-rural fringe areas, where agricultural and ecological spaces intersected. ② Land-use conflict patterns in Wuhu City were primarily formed by factors such as elevation, slope, proximity to roads, and distance from water systems, while GDP and population distribution had less influence on land-use conflict formation. ③ The pattern of land-use conflicts was expected to persist under different scenarios; notably, scenarios focused on farmland conservation and ecological protection could effectively mitigate the emergence of land-use conflicts, and the balance between agriculture, ecology and economic development should be maintained in the management process. [Conclusion] Land-use conflict in Wuhu City is constantly strengthening with the impact of deepening social development. In the future, it is still necessary to strengthen the control of land use according to local conditions, improve the level of land use conservation and intensive, and achieve high-quality development.