【Objective】In order to accurately evaluate the soil quality characteristics of different slope positions under straw mulching and no-tillage in the northeast black soil region,【Method】the minimum data sets for soil quality evaluation of straw mulching no-tillage slope land and conventional tillage slope land in the Northeast black soil region were established by principal component analysis and cluster analysis, respectively. The soil quality index of minimum data set was calculated, and the most suitable minimum data set soil quality index was selected through comparative analysis with the total data set soil quality index, and the soil quality of the experimental area was evaluated and analyzed.【Results】(1) The minimum data set for soil quality evaluation of sloping farmland in the test area was composed of total porosity, pH, organic matter, total potassium and available phosphorus. (2) The Nash coefficient and correlation coefficient ofsoil quality index in the minimum data set of principal component analysis and the soil quality index in the total data set are higher than the soil quality index in the minimum data set of cluster analysis, so it is more suitable to use the minimum data set of principal component analysis to replace the total data set for soil quality evaluation.(3) According to the minimum data set of principal component analysis, the soil quality was the best in the straw-covered no-till slope (0.661), and the worst in the traditional tilling slope (0.472). (4) The main obstacle factors of soil quality under NT treatment were bulk density (0.156) and total porosity (0.132), while the main obstacle factors of CK treatment were total phosphorus (0.151) and available potassium (0.159).【Conclusion】Principal component analysis (PCA) and membership function were used to identify soil quality characteristics under different slope positions of straw mulching no-tillage and traditional tillage. The research results can provide basis for soil quality control and ecological restoration of sloping farmland in northeast black soil region.