[[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of runoff scouring under different slope gradients and land use types on slope runoff, sediment yield, and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses, thereby providing theoretical support for soil and water conservation in the Dabie Mountain region of western Anhui Province.[Methods] Field in situ scouring experiments were conducted on 15°and 20°slopes with typical land use types (bare land, grassland, tea garden, forest land, and bamboo forest) in the Jiangzihe small watershed, Huoshan County, Anhui Province. Considering the frequent heavy rainfall in the region, a scouring flow rate of 9 L/min was applied to analyze the responses of runoff, sediment yield, and nutrient losses to land use types and slope gradients. [Results] ① During the scouring process, the stabilized average runoff rate on 15°slopes followed the order: bare land > tea garden > grassland > forest land > bamboo forest, while the sediment yield rate on 20°slopes ranked as bare land > grassland > tea garden > forest land > bamboo forest. Compared to 15° slopes, the runoff rate on 20° slopes increased significantly only for bare land, with negligible changes in other land use types. At stabilized sediment yield, the sediment yield rate on 20° slopes was slightly higher than that on 15° slopes, with both exhibiting the order: bare land > tea garden > grassland > bamboo forest > forest land. ② Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) losses on 20°slopes were marginally higher than those on 15°slopes. Under the same slope gradient, TN and TP losses followed the pattern: tea garden > bare land > bamboo forest > grassland > forest land. ③ Throughout the scouring process, runoff contributed predominantly to TN losses, whereas sediment played a more significant role in TP losses. [Conclusion] Expanding bamboo forest coverage in the Dabie Mountains of western Anhui can effectively enhance water conservation and soil retention. Additionally, tea gardens should be prioritized in non-point source pollution management to mitigate nutrient losses such as nitrogen and phosphorus.