[Objective] Exploring the distribution and differences of grain new quality productivity and its coupled coordination in grain functional areas is of great significance for promoting the development of grain new quality productivity and guaranteeing food security in China. [Methods] Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2022, the entropy-TOPSIS method, Dagum Gini coefficient and coupled coordination degree model were applied to measure the level of grain new quality productivity, the degree of obstacles and the degree of coupled coordination. [Results] (1) The level of new grain productivity in China has been growing steadily, and it has been improved in all grain functional areas, but there is a development pattern of “grain main marketing area > grain main production area > grain production and marketing balance area”; in terms of dimensions, scientific and technological productivity and digital productivity have increased significantly in the whole country and in all grain functional areas, while the green productivity has been relatively stable and needs to be developed; (2) The level of new grain productivity has been improved by the entropy-TOPSIS method, the Dagum Gini coefficient and the coupling coordination degree model. (2) The overall gap in the level of new quality productivity of grain in China has gradually widened, and the differences within the main grain marketing areas and the inter-regional differences between the main grain marketing areas and the balance of production and marketing areas are the largest, and the inter-regional differences have become the main source of the overall differences in the new quality productivity of grain; (3) The level of coupling and coordination of the new quality productivity of grain in China has gradually increased, and it has been transformed from the low degree of coupling and coordination to the medium degree of coupling and coordination, but the coupling and coordination in the balance of production and marketing areas has been reduced to the medium degree of coupling and coordination. production and marketing balance area is still relatively low; (4) the spatial structure of grain new quality productivity coupling and coordination shows a high degree of aggregation to the main grain production area and the main grain marketing area, and the significant cold spot area is concentrated in the production and marketing balance area. [Conclusion] Accordingly, it is recommended to increase R&D investment in grain production and marketing balance zones, focus on promoting the development of green productivity, and encourage spatial linkage between production and marketing balance zones and grain main marketing zones and main marketing zones, in order to promote the overall coupled and coordinated development of grain new quality productivity.