[Objective] The Milan Gobi area of the Golmud-Korla Railway is located in the alluvial and alluvial Gobi in front of Altun Mountain, where the effective prevention and control of the hazards caused by gobi wind-blown sand is one of the key problems to be solved in railway safety operation. [Methods] This study analyzed the regional wind conditions, monitored the amount of sand transported along the line, observed the protection efficiency of the test section of the protection system, and finally, put forward the appropriate configuration model of the protection system. [Results] The research shows that the Milan Gobi area of the Golmud-Korla Railway is a high wind energy environment, the main sand driving winds are NE and ENE, and the annual sand transport volume reaches 2.15-3.45 m3/m. The main sand source of the railway sand damage caused by the sand flowing dunes on the Gobi are mainly medium sand and fine sand, while the sand particles within 40cm below the surface of the Gobi are mainly fine sand. After construction damage, it is easy to generate sand and become a new sand source. The results show that the sand resistance rates of single HDPE plate, reed bundle and galvanized chicken wire barrier are 96.42%, 93.85% and 76.60%, and the sand resistance rates of double fences are 97.95%, 98.71% and 92.78%, respectively. The sand resistance rates of the whole protection system are above 95%. Although the amount of sand deposited in the zigzag sand barrier is large, the corner of the zigzag barrier is easily buried by sand deposited. [Conclusion] The sand control system which combines linear HDPE board sand barrier with reed bundle large grid is suitable for the sand control system configuration mode in Milan Gobi area of the Golmud-Korla Railway. The research results are of great significance to ensure the safe operation of the Golmud-Korla Railway.