Abstract: [Objective] This study aims to reveal the influence of different initial moisture contents and rainfall intensities on the splashing characteristics and splashing process of red soil macroaggregates. [Methods] The red soil macroaggregates (2~5 mm) were selected as the research object. Artificial simulated rainfall experiments were content to explore the variation patterns of splash erosion and splash erosion rate with four rainfall intensities (30, 60, 90, 140 mm·h-1) and four initial moisture contents (10 %, 20 %, 30 %, saturation ) . [Results] Under the same initial moisture content, the ranges of splash erosion variation for macroaggregates of red soil at four different rainfall intensities were from 0.05 to 0.27 g, from 0.03 to 0.19 g, from 0.16 to 1.41 g, and from 0.03 to 1.48 g. At the same rainfall intensity, the splash erosion of aggregates under saturated initial moisture conditions all increased significantly (p＜0.05). At the four rainfall intensities, the splash erosion of aggregates under saturated initial moisture conditions increased by 1.5, 1.11, 3.8, 3.21 times, respectively, compared to the sum of the splash erosion under unsaturated initial moisture conditions (10%, 20%, and 30%). The initial moisture content, rainfall intensity and their interaction all exert direct positive effects on the splash erosion of aggregates, with effect sizes of 0.646, 0.415, and 0.361.[Conclusion] At the initial moisture content of 20 %, the increase in rainfall intensity had not significantly affected the splash erosion of red soil macroaggregates. Under other initial moisture content conditions, the splash erosion of red soil macroaggregates was sensitive to changes in rainfall intensity at the same initial moisture content. This sensitivity was particularly evident during conditions of heavy rainfall (90 mm·h?1) or extreme rainstorm (140 mm·h?1). Under these conditions, the macroaggregates of red soil had been more susceptible to the impact of splash erosion. At the same rainfall intensity, saturated initial moisture content had intensified the occurrence and severity of splash erosion. The initial moisture content and rainfall intensity showed a significant positive correlation with changes in red soil macroaggregates. Additionally, the impact of initial moisture content on splash erosion was greater than that of rainfall intensity and their interaction, serving as a key factor influencing the splash erosion. Our research results provide insights into the splash erosion process of red soil macroaggregates. Furthermore, these findings can provide a reference for developing effective measures to prevent and control soil erosion on slope farmland of red soil.