Abstract:[Objective] Utilizing the InVEST model and related methods, this study investigates the impact of land use changes on water ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Economic Belt over the past decade, aiming to provide a reference for enhancing water ecosystem services in the region.[Methods] This research analyzed land use changes from 2012 to 2022, employed the InVEST model to calculate the values of water yield, water purification, and carbon sequestration, and evaluated the value of water ecosystem services by combining the ecosystem service value equivalent table. The Dagum method was used to conduct a differential analysis of ecosystem services between different regions of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The reliability of the results was verified using the ecological sensitivity index.[Results] (1) The land use types in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are predominantly forested and cultivated land. Over the past decade, there has been a significant change in the area of land use types, with the greatest dynamic degree of change observed in construction land use, albeit merely at a rate of 2.99%, indicating a moderate growth trend.. (2) The water ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Economic Belt exhibited obvious spatiotemporal differences, with a characteristic of higher in the west and lower in the east, and an overall trend of weakening over time. (3) The comprehensive value of water ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed an overall expansion of differences, with significant inter-regional differences, where the differences between upstream and downstream regions were the main source of inter-regional disparities. (4) The ecological sensitivity index for each land use type was less than 1, indicating the reliability of the ecosystem service results.[Conclusion] Over the past decade, the capacity of water ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has generally enhanced, while certain land types such as grasslands and water bodies have shown a trend of weakening. Based on the research findings, it is suggested that urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt should respond to the concept of green development, rationally optimize land use patterns, and strengthen protective measures to promote ecological security and sustainable development.