To delineate the pollution properties and risks of heavy metals in atmospheric dust in mining areas, providing the scientific underpinning for ecological remodeling and risk control in mining areas. [Methods] Considering the tailings accretion area of a copper mine in Ningxia as the research subject, we collected atmospheric dust in four seasons, spring, summer, autumn, and winter, using a dustfall tank. Then, we measured heavy metals (Cd, As, Cu, Ni, Cr, Hg, Pb, Ag) and analyzed the seasonal attributes and risks of atmospheric dust heavy metal pollution using the single factor pollution index, land accumulation index, potential ecological hazard index evaluation, human health risk assessment model, and other methods. [Results] (i) The overall atmospheric dust deposition in the study area exhibited a pattern of spring>autumn>summer>winter, with the cumulative heavy metal content of atmospheric dust deposition in summer>spring>winter>autumn. Of these, As, Cu, Ni, Cr, Hg, and Ag contents were higher in spring and summer than in autumn and winter; however, Cd and Pb contents were higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. The heavy metal content of atmospheric dust deposition in spring and summer surpassed the soil background value in Ningxia. (ii) The single factor pollution index and land accumulation index of atmospheric dust heavy metals in various seasons suggested that Cd, Cu, Ni, Cr, Hg, Ag, and Pb exhibited some degree of pollution, among which Cu, Pb, and Ag revealed comparatively high pollution levels, while Cr caused the smallest pollution. The potential ecological risk assessment demonstrated that the seasonal order was spring>summer>winter>autumn. (iii) The human health risk assessment revealed that heavy metals in atmospheric dust could cause noncarcinogenic health risks through respiratory and hand–mouth pathways, with a risk level of spring>summer>winter>autumn. Notably, the noncarcinogenic health risks were markedly greater for children than those for adults. [Conclusions] The atmospheric dust heavy metal pollution in the study area has apparent seasonal properties. The pollution level of heavy metals in tailings is fairly high in spring and summer, making it essential to focus on regulating the release and diffusion of heavy metals in spring and summer to mitigate the impact on the ecological environment and residents’ health. Furthermore, children’s health protection must be prioritized as they face markedly higher noncarcinogenic health risks than adults.