[Objective] The relationship between climate change and soil carbon sequestration capacity was explored to reveal the effects of temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and precipitation on soil organic carbon and its component pool, and provided a theoretical basis for improving soil carbon sequestration capacity under the background of global climate change. [Method] Using meta-analysis method, a total of 44 relevant literatures were screened and 281 research sample data were collected. Soil active and inert organic carbon components were characterized by Particulate organic carbon (POC) and Mineral associated organic carbon (MAOC), respectively. The effects of climate change on soil carbon stock and its stability were analyzed. [Result] ①There was a significant negative correlation between atmospheric CO2 concentration and soil POC and MAOC contents (P<0.05). POC content decreased with increasing air temperature, while MAOC content increased slightly. POC was more sensitive to air temperature change than MAOC. Soil POC was positively correlated with precipitation increase and negatively correlated with precipitation decrease, while soil MAOC content was opposite. ②The increase of air temperature, CO2 concentration and the decrease of precipitation decreased the concentration of soil total organic carbon, while the increase of precipitation increased the concentration of soil total organic carbon. ③The response of soil organic carbon and its components to the change of climate factors is obviously affected by soil depth and soil type. [Conclusion] The influence of climate factors on soil organic carbon and its component content is obviously different, and the change of climate factors will reduce the storage or stability of soil organic carbon pool, and weaken the soil carbon sequestration capacity. The study contributes to further understanding of the impact of global climate change on soil carbon sequestration capacity.