Abstract: [Objective] Evaluating the soil conservation function of Baiyangdian Basin and quantifying the impact of climate and land use changes on soil conservation changes can provide a scientific basis for promoting the ecological environmental protection of Baiyangdian Basin. [Methods] Based on meteorological, land use and soil data from 2000 to 2020, the InVEST model was used to simulate and analyze the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of soil conservation in Baiyangdian Basin, and the relative contributions of land use and climate change to soil conservation changes were identified based on scenario simulation and trend analysis. [Results] (1) The annual average precipitation in the Baiyangdian Basin was 445 mm from 2000 to 2020, with an overall increasing trend. And the precipitation in Beijing and northeastern Baoding within the basin was higher than the annual average precipitation. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the main land use types in the Baiyangdian Basin were cropland and forest, with the proportion of area ranging from 40.16% to 44.13% and from 24.71% to 27.72%, respectively. The area of cropland and grassland decreased significantly, and the area of forest land and construction land increased significantly. The cropland was mainly transformed into construction land, and grassland was mainly transformed into forest land. (3) In 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020, the soil conservation intensity in the Baiyangdian watershed were separately 9.50×10^3 t?km^(-2)，9.38×10^3 t?km^(-2)，1.10×10^4 t?km^(-2)，1.07×10^4 t?km^(-2)，1.25×10^4 t?km^(-2). The overall interannual variation of soil conservation showed a fluctuating upward trend, and the spatial distribution of soil conservation showed a pattern of high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The soil conservation intensity of forest land and grassland was much higher than that of other land use types. (4) The climate change dominated 93.07% area of the soil conservation change, and land use change dominated 6.93% area of the soil conservation change. [Conclusion] Changes in soil conservation in Baiyangdian Basin are attributed to the combination effects of climate and land use changes, with climate change as the main cause.