Spring overflow is one of the important ways of groundwater discharge, and it is of great significance to explore the causes of springs for the study of groundwater cycle and the evaluation of groundwater resources.By collecting samples of spring water from the Baicheng Basin, testing and analyzing them, and comprehensively applying Gibbs diagrams, PCA-APCS-MLR models, and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, we quantitatively explored the amount of transformations between springs and other bodies of water, and analyzed the source of spring water and its causes.The results show that: (1) the hydrochemical type of spring water is mainly of HCO3·SO4·CL-Ca·Na type, and the spring water is frequently transformed with diving and river water;(2) Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+ and SO42- in the chemical components of the spring water originate from the weathering and dissolution of gypsum and other salts, and Na+ and Cl- originate from the weathering and dissolution of silicate minerals such as sodium feldspar and montmorillonite, and the influence of agriculture and industrial and mining production and human life on the nitrates in the spring water is large;(3) The δD and δ18O values of springs range -81.28‰～-50.27‰ and -12.20‰～-8.57‰, and the δD and δ18O in the southern dives and springs in the Baicheng Basin are poorer than those in the north, and the δD and δ18O in the southern dives and springs tend to be poorer due to the large amount of recharge of river water;(4) The surface water-groundwater transformation relationship in the basin is mainly the recharge of river water to submerged water and springs. In the middle reaches of the Muzati River and the upper reaches of the Kizil River, the recharge ratio of river water and submerged water to springs ranges 8.3%～50.1% and 49.9%～91.7%, respectively;(5) The springs in the Bay City Basin are mainly erosion decline springs and overflow decline springs.Atmospheric precipitation and snow and ice melt water from the high medium mountains in the northern part of the Baicheng Basin infiltrate along bedrock fissures to form groundwater, Influenced by rivers and flash flood gullies cutting through pore water aquifers of the Quaternary Loose Rock type, Diving overflows to form erosion-declining springs, mainly in the upper to middle reaches of the Muzati River;Groundwater formed in the mountainous areas of the high medium in the rivers or gullies cut aquifers exposed to form surface water, surface water infiltration to the plains again into groundwater, groundwater in the process of transport encountered in the Neozoic mudstone, sandstone, conglomerate formation of the relative isolation of the movement of the blocked water level heighten outcrops on the surface of the formation of the overflow of the falling springs, mainly located in the middle and lower reaches of the Muzati River and the lower reaches of the Kezir River.The results of the study can provide a basis for accurate evaluation of the amount of underground water resources in the Baicheng Basin.