【Objective】In order to quantitatively analyze the land use and the evolution process of orchard rocky desertification in Guanyan underground river basin on the east bank of Lijiang River in recent 10 years, the land use types and rocky desertification in Guanyan underground river basin were taken as the research objects to explore the distribution characteristics and internal evolution law of orchard rocky desertification landscape pattern.【Method】Based on the second and third national land survey data and remote sensing image data, the evolution law of orchard rocky desertification in the study area was analyzed by using GIS technology platform and area transfer matrix model.【Results】The land use in the underground river basin is mainly cultivated land, orchard and forest land. The area of cultivated land and grassland shows a decreasing trend, while the area of orchard, forest land, water area and other land shows an increasing trend. During the 10 years from 2010 to 2020, the area of orchard rocky desertification in the Guanyan underground river basin decreased by 1.34 km2, with a reduction ratio of 7.90 %. The overall situation of orchard rocky desertification showed a good trend of continuous improvement, but the area of moderate rocky desertification and severe rocky desertification showed an increasing trend, of which the area of non-rocky desertification transformed into rocky desertification was 1.51 km2. Combined with the evolution process of orchard rocky desertification in Guanyan underground river basin from 2010 to 2020, the improved area of orchard rocky desertification was 1.79 km2 and the deteriorated area was 1.78 km2 in 10 years.【Conclusion】The rocky desertification of orchards in the study area generally develops well in the direction of improvement, but there is a phenomenon of deterioration and expansion of rocky desertification or new rocky desertification in some areas, which is mainly manifested in the spread of rocky desertification in the orchard itself and some forest lands. Therefore, the focus of ecological environment restoration and protection in the later period of Guanyan underground river basin should be to strengthen the scientific planting and management of existing orchards, gradually restore shrubs and other vegetation, vigorously develop the under-forest compound management planting mode, and prevent the further deterioration of orchard rocky desertification on the basis of existing rocky desertification control measures.