广西典型喀斯特地区不同林地土壤粒度分布的单重与多重分形特征
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南宁师范大学地理科学与规划学院

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S714.5

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广西科技基地和人才专项“广西喀斯特地区典型人工林区土壤结构及水分输运分形特征研究”(桂科AD23026075),“南流江河岸带典型乡土物种根系特征及其对岸坡稳定性影响研究”(桂科AD22080050);广西自然科学基金(2024GXNSFBA010295,2024GXNSFBA010098);广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2022KY0386,2024KY0398)


Fractal and multifractal characteristics of soil particle-size distribution in different forest types in typical karst regions of Guangxi
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    摘要:

    [目的]揭示广西典型喀斯特地区不同林地土壤粒度分布的分形特征与土壤性质之间的关系,为石漠化地区林业可持续发展提供科学指导。[方法]测定桉树、马尾松人工林及天然次生林土壤的粒度分布与性质。采用分形模型计算各类林地土壤的单重与多重分形维数,同时探讨土壤分形维数与土壤性质之间的关联。[结果]相较于天然次生林,桉树与马尾松人工林的容重小23%和15%,总孔隙度增大27%和17%,黏粒含量分别减少58%与42%,砂粒增多24%与14%,单重分形维数Ds下降6%与4%,且有效磷、速效钾和全钙含量均减少(前者分别减少68%、49%、6%,后者分别减少42%、40%、25%)。D0-D2、ΔD和Δα是反应土壤粒度分布不同维度上异质性的多重分形参数。这三个参数数值上桉树(0.13,1.29,1.52)与马尾松(0.13,0.99,1.18)人工林均大于天然林(0.08,0.83,1.02)。此外,人工林土壤的多重分形参数与土壤养分含量之间存在更显著的相关性 (p<0.05)。[结论]喀斯特地区的人工林的种植与经营不当,可能促使土壤细颗粒的流失和关键养分的枯竭,导致土壤粒度分布集中于小概率密集区,增加土壤粒度分布的异质性,进一步加速了石漠化的过程。单重分形维数Ds能够反映喀斯特林区土壤肥力的退化程度,而多重分形参数还能精细揭示土壤粒径在微观层面上的非均匀分布特征,表明分形维数可作为喀斯特地区人工林土壤质量精准评价的潜在指标。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] This study aimed to reveal the relationship between fractal characteristics of soil particle size distribution and soil properties in different forest types in typical karst regions of Guangxi, and provide scientific guidance for sustainable forestry development in rocky desertification areas. [Methods] The particle size distribution and properties of the soil in Eucalyptus, Pinus massoniana plantations, and natural secondary forests were determined. The single and multiple fractal dimensions of soil from different forest types were calculated using the fractal models, and the correlations between the fractal dimensions and soil properties were explored. [Results] Compared to natural secondary forests, the bulk density of Eucalyptus and Pinus massoniana plantations was lower by 23% and 15%, respectively. The total porosity increased by 27% and 17%, respectively. The clay content decreased by 58% and 42%, while the sand content increased by 24% and 14% for Eucalyptus and Pinus massoniana plantations, respectively. Additionally, the single fractal dimension (Ds) decreased by 6% and 4% for these two types of plantations. Furthermore, the contents of available phosphorus, readily available potassium, and total calcium all decrease. Specifically, the reductions for Eucalyptus were 68%, 49%, and 6%, respectively, while for Pinus massoniana, the reductions were 42%, 40%, and 25%, respectively. D0-D2、ΔD and Δα are the multifractal parameters that reflect the heterogeneity of soil particle size distribution across different dimensions. The values of these three parameters for Eucalyptus (0.13, 1.29, 1.52) and Pinus massoniana (0.13, 0.99, 1.18) plantations were both higher than those for the natural forests (0.08, 0.83, 1.02). Furthermore, there was a more significant correlation between the multifractal parameters and soil nutrient content in the plantations. [Conclusion] The improper cultivation and management of plantations in the karst regions may promote the loss of soil fine particles and the depletion of key nutrients. This, in turn, can result in a concentration of soil particle size distribution in low-probability dense areas, increasing the heterogeneity of soil particle size distribution, and further accelerating the process of rocky desertification. The single fractal dimension Ds can reflect the degree of soil fertility degradation in karst forest areas, and the multifractal parameters can reveal the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of soil particle size at the micro-level in detail. Therefore, the single and multiple fractal dimensions have the potential to become precise indicators for evaluating the soil quality of plantations in karst regions.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-19
  • 最后修改日期:2024-10-26
  • 录用日期:2024-10-28
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