1.西南林业大学林学院;2.云南今禹生态工程咨询有限公司;3.西南林业大学大数据与智能工程学院;4.西南林业大学土木工程学院
U417.5;TD171.1-171.9
云南省基础研究计划面上项“基于多源遥感的城市植被三维绿量定量计测及时空分布格局研究”(202101AT070039)
College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering,Southwest Forestry University
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[目的]山区公路弃渣场因其固废特性，存在诸多不同类型的安全隐患，增加了地质灾害风险的同时，还会给高速公路及下游地区带来潜在性危险。[方法] 本文选取宣曲高速公路（38#、41#和45#）弃渣场作为研究对象，构建基于现代监测技术与网络通信技术的实时动态弃渣场滑坡安全预警监测平台。利用卫星遥感技术、无人机摄影测量技术和地面传感器协同监测方法，对2015 ~2024年进行多源、多时相弃渣场边坡地物变化特征分析与地表形变演化监测，并结合累计变形和形变速率判据开展滑坡风险的预警判定。[结果]①对比不同时期的卫星影像得出扰动范围内的弃渣场植被已逐渐恢复生长，38#、41#和45#弃渣场整体植被覆盖面积相比2018年平均增长了50%。②经计算得出38#和41#弃渣场的实际扰动面积仅超出设计扰动面积的0.04〖 hm〗^2 和0.50 〖hm〗^2，而45#弃渣场扰动范围保持不变。同时确定弃渣量、扰动面积、最大堆高、坡度和坡比均符合滑坡体稳定要求，表明各弃渣场边坡整体保持稳定状态，发生滑坡风险的可能性较低。③GNSS监测结果显示各监测点总平均变形速率V_t<7〖 mm?d〗^(-1)，其中41#JCD3-高程方向累计变形达到最大值1815.4 mm，处于累计变形判据注意级预警的临界区间内，滑坡体形变呈下降趋势，发生滑坡风险的可能性降低。[结论]利用预警判定方法监测出各弃渣场综合为I级滑坡预警级别，当位移累计量达到预设阈值时即触发预警系统，验证了“天空地”一体化智慧监测结果的有效性。本研究可为弃渣场滑坡风险的监测、预警及管控措施提供重要参考。
[Objective] The characteristics of solid waste in mountain road waste disposal areas has caused various safety hazards, including landslide, debris flow, surface subsidence, and so on, posing risks to motorway and downstream regions. [Methods] In this study, Xuanqu Expressway ( 38#, 41# and 45# ) waste disposal areas were selected as the research object, and a real-time dynamic waste disposal areas landslide safety early warning and monitoring platform were constructed using modern monitoring technology and network communication technology. Integrated satellite remote sensing technology, unmanned aerial photogrammetry with ground sensors, this work analyzed the pattern of slope feature variation and surface deformation in the waste disposal area from 2015 to 2024 at multi-spatial and multi-temporal scale. In addition, the early warning of landslide risk was determined utilizing the evidence of cumulative deformation and deformation rate. [Results] ① The results indicated that the vegetation of the waste disposal areas within the disturbed area has gradually regained recovered, and the overall vegetation coverage of waste disposal areas in 38#, 41# and 45# has increased by an average of 50% from 2018 to 2024. ② The actual disturbed area of 38# and 41# waste disposal areas was only 0.04 beyond the designed disturbed area, while the disturbed range of 45# waste disposal area remained unchanged. Furthermore, the amount of slag and disturbed area, the maximum pile height, slope and slope ratio were in line with the stability requirements of landslides, indicating that the overall slopes of the waste disposal area maintain a stable state, and the possibility of landslide risk was low. ③ The total average deformation rate of each monitoring point shown that the cumulative deformation in the direction of 41#JCD3-elevation reached a maximum value of 1815.4 mm, which was in the critical interval of the cumulative deformation criterion of the attention level warning, and the landslide deformation exhibited a decreasing trend. The likelihood of the occurrence of landslide risk was reduced. [Conclusion] Based on the early warning judgment method, the landslide warning level of different waste disposal areas was I level, and when the cumulative amount of displacement reached the preset threshold that triggered the early warning system, verifying effectively the 'space-sky-earth' integration of intelligent monitoring performance. This study provides an essential reference for the monitoring, early warning, and control measures for the landslide risk of waste disposal areas.
