雅鲁藏布江中上游流域土地沙化时空演变特征分析与归因识别
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中国长江三峡集团有限公司科学技术研究院

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P931.3

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Spatiotemporal evolution analysis and attribution identification of land desertification in the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River
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Science and Technology Research Institute of China Three Gorges Corporation

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    摘要:

    [目的]雅鲁藏布江中上游流域是我国重要的生态保护区,也是风沙地貌发育最严重的区域之一,土地沙化发生发展的精准监测与归因识别是流域生态保护与修复的重要抓手,同时可为国家生态安全屏障建设提供关键支撑。[方法]本研究采用改进的基于植被-地表反射率-土壤湿度(NDVI-Albedo-Wet)三维空间的荒漠化差值指数方法开展雅鲁藏布江中上游流域近30年土地沙化时空演变的监测分析,在此基础上,分别采用主成分分析方法和地理探测器方法,从时序变化和空间分异两个方面进行土地沙化的归因识别。[结果]雅鲁藏布江中上游流域土地沙化总体缓解的同时局部仍有加剧,具体表现为:沙化土地总面积由1990年的3.48 万 km2减少至2020年的1.67 万 km2,但部分区域沙化程度增强,集中在研究区西部的萨嘎县、吉隆县片区和东南部的康马县、琼结县等;空间分布上,研究区沙化土地呈现出“自西向东”沿干流河道带状分布的特点,且集中在微坡、缓坡地形以及草地和未利用地上。归因识别分析表明,近30年研究区土地沙化逆转主要受人类活动因子的影响,主成分因子贡献率约59.1 %;而沙化土地的空间分异则从1990年期的与高程和风速等自然地理要素相依性为主,转变为2020年期的受自然及社会经济因素等多驱动因子的协同,且各驱动因子对沙化土地空间分布的影响力呈双因子增强和非线性增强。[结论]建议进一步加强雅鲁藏布江源区生态修复与保护、加强河道左右岸10公里范围的沙源治理和植被培育。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] The middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River basin is a major nature ecological reserve in China, which is also one of the regions with the most serious eolian landform development. It is significant to monitor and identify land desertification for ecological protection and restoration of the basin, which can also provide key support for the construction of national ecological security barriers. [Methods] This study employs an improved desertification differential index method based on the three-dimensional space of vegetation, surface reflectance, and soil moisture (NDVI-Albedo-Wet) to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of land desertification in the research area over the past 30 years. Based on this, attribution analysis of land desertification is conducted from the perspectives of temporal changes and spatial differentiation using principal component analysis and geographical detector methods, respectively. [Results] The results indicate that the degree of land desertification in the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River basin has been alleviated, but there are still local exacerbations. Specifically, the total area of land desertification has decreased from 34800 km2 in 1990 to 16700 km2 in 2020, but the degree has increased in some areas, concentrated in the western part of the study area, such as Saga and Jilong, and the southeastern parts, such as Kangma and Qiongjie Counties. The spatial distribution of land desertification exhibits a strip-like pattern along the main river channel from west to east, concentrated on gentle slopes, moderate slopes, grasslands, and unused land. Over the past 30 years, the reversal of land desertification in the study area has been primarily influenced by human activities, with the principal contributing factors accounting for 59.1%. The spatial differentiation of land desertification has shifted from the dependence on natural geographical factors such as elevation and wind speed in 1990 to the synergy influence of multiple factors including natural and socio-economic factors in 2020, with the impact of various driving factors on the spatial distribution of land desertification exhibiting a dual-factor enhancement and non-linear increase. [Conclusion] It is suggested to further strengthen the ecological restoration of the source area, as well as enhance sand source management and vegetation cultivation within a 10-kilometer radius of both the left and right banks of the river.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-05
  • 最后修改日期:2024-10-21
  • 录用日期:2024-10-22
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