内蒙古农业大学
]:“科技兴蒙”行动重点专项项目(KJXM—EEDS—2020006)与2021年国家自然科学基金(RZ2100002321—2021)共同资助
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[目的]库布齐沙漠区域地处黄河“几字湾”核心区域，是我国黄河“几字湾”生态文明建设战略的重点区域。[方法]本论文基于Landsat遥感影像特征，采用EVI遥感指数灰度分割方法，与地面实地调研相互佐证，对库布齐沙漠的沙漠化进行分级，采用土地沙漠化特征指标提取、时空变化分析等方法，系统分析了库布齐沙漠及周边地区2000—2023年来土地沙漠化时空分布和变化特征、趋势。[结果]库布齐沙漠的沙漠化总面积从2000年的10 694.6 km2下降到2023年8 837.56 km2。极重度沙漠化面积已由当初的6 272.11 km2，缩减为1 461.15 km2，重度沙漠化面积由2000年的1 773.97 km2，上升到2 874.48 km2，中度沙漠化面积由2000年的1 372.16 km2上升到1 965.84 km2，轻度沙漠化的土地面积由1 276.35 km2上升到2 535.58 km2。从时间序列角度分析来看，2000—2023年间极重度沙漠缩减速率为3.33%，重度沙漠化增加速率为2.70%，中度沙漠化增加速率为1.88%，轻度沙漠化缩减速率为4.29%。极重度沙漠土地类型面积从2000年的132 2.39 km2下降到2023年的1 461.65 km2，合计流失面积为4 949.72 km2。从空间角度分析，极重度沙漠类型随时间变化由分布分散变为分布集中，在2000—2010年内在沙漠中占据主导地位；重度和中度沙漠化类型的多度指数处于7.69%—16.15%之间，说明重、中度沙漠化类型长期分布较为集中；轻度沙漠化类型随时间变化分散且较为广泛。[结论]2000-2020年库布齐沙漠面积总体呈减少趋势，生态环境有所改善，未来该区域生态修复重点关注极重度沙漠区域。
[Objective] The Kubuqi Desert area is located in the core area of "Guinea Bay" of the Yellow River, and is the key area of the ecological civilization construction strategy of "Guinea Bay" of the Yellow River in China.[Method] this paper based on Landsat remote sensing image features, using EVI remote sensing index gray segmentation method, and the ground field research, the desert desertification, the classification of land desertification index extraction, space and time change analysis method, system analyzes the desert and surrounding areas in 2000-2023 years desertification space-time distribution and change characteristics and trend.[Results] The total area of desertification in the Kubuqi Desert decreased from 10 694.6 km2 in 2000 to 8 837.56 km 2 in 2023. The extremely severe desertification area has been reduced from 6 272.11 km2 to 1 461.15 km2, the severe desertification area has increased from 1 773.97 km2 in 2000 to 2 874.48 km 2, the moderate desertification area has increased from 1 372.16 km2 in 2000 to 1 965.84 km 2, and the land area with mild desertification has increased from 1 276.35 km2 to 2 535.58 km2. From the perspective of time series, the rate of extremely severe desert from 2000 to 2023 was 3.33%, the rate of severe desertification was 2.70%, the rate of moderate desertification was 1.88%, and the rate of mild desertification was 4.29%. The area of extremely severe desert land types decreased from 1,322.39 km 2 in 2000 to 1,461.65 km 2 in 2023, with a total loss area of 4,949.72 km 2. From the spatial perspective, the change of extremely severe desert types changed from distributed over time to concentrated, occupying a dominant position in desert from 2000 to 2010; the multiple degree index of severe and moderate desertification types is between 7.69% and 16.15%, indicating that the long-term distribution of heavy and moderate desertification types is concentrated; mild desertification types are scattered and extensive over time.[Conclusion] From 2000 to 2020, the area of Kubuqi Desert shows a decreasing trend, and the ecological environment has been improved. In the future, the ecological restoration of this region will focus on the extremely severe desert area.
