[Objective] To clarify the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of habitat quality in Anhui province and the spatial mechanism of influencing factors, so as to provide basis for improving the ecological management ability and sustainable development ability of the study area. [Methods] In this paper, InVEST model was used to analyze the spatial and temporal pattern evolution of habitat quality in Anhui Province from 2000 to 2020, and multi-scale geographical weighted regression (MGWR) model was used to analyze the spatial mechanism of natural, socio-economic, landscape and other factors on habitat quality. [Results] (1) Cultivated land was always the dominant landscape in Anhui Province from 2000 to 2020, and the landscape transformation in the region mainly occurred between cultivated land, forest land and construction land, among which the expansion of landscape elements of construction land was the most obvious. With the increase of disturbance degree of human activities, the landscape pattern of Anhui Province is evolving towards fragmentation and complexity. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the average value of habitat quality in Anhui Province decreased by 0.016, showing a slight degradation trend on the whole. The habitat quality in the region was mainly poor (0.2-0.4), and the two periods accounted for more than 40% of the data. There were obvious spatial differences in the habitat quality of Anhui province, showing a trend of "high in the south and low in the north" in the spatial pattern. (3) According to the regression results of MGWR model, rainfall and normalized vegetation index had significant positive effects on the habitat quality of Anhui Province, and the positive proportion of the regression coefficients in the two periods reached more than 80%, and further expanded with the time. In terms of spatial pattern, the regression coefficient of southern Anhui is larger than that of northern Anhui. Population density and GDP per unit area have significant negative effects on habitat quality in Anhui province. The negative ratio of regression coefficients in both periods is more than 90%, and the regression coefficient in northern Anhui province is larger than that in southern Anhui province. The maximum patch index and the evenness index have positive and negative bidirectional effects on the habitat quality in Anhui province. With the development of fragmentation and complexity of landscape pattern in Anhui Province, the negative proportion of regression coefficient is further expanded. [Conclusion] The spatial pattern of habitat quality in Anhui province presents a certain law. On this basis, combined with the analysis results of influencing factors, differentiated protection policies are formulated to manage the ecological environment according to local conditions, so as to improve the sustainable development ability of Anhui Province and achieve the goal of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.