[Objective] The soil salinization characteristics under different land use types in extremely arid regions were analyzed in order to provide support for the sustainable efficient utilization of regional land resources.[Methods] We used GPS positioning technology to investigate and sample the irrigation water, irrigation drainage, and soil under four typical land use types in the area of Lower Tarm River in different seasons. We combined those data with indoor measurement results to determine the variation characteristics of salinity and salt ions in the irrigation area.[Results] The soil in the study area was alkaline, and the salt type was mainly sulfate-chloride. The salt content was between 2.44 and 118.05 g/kg, and the pH value was between 8.05 and 8.34. The overall changes of soil salt content and pH value under different land use types in each season followed the order of salt wasteland > saline-alkali grassland > cultivated land and forest land. Analysis of samples from different soil depths indicated surface accumulation of salinity in June and October, and no obvious pattern in March and December. There was an obvious surface accumulation of salt in salt wasteland and saline-alkali grassland in different seasons at different soil depths. Forest land had no obvious salt accumulation pattern in each season. Because of the geographical location of the reservoir, the groundwater level in the study area was shallow (1.4-3.51 m), the groundwater salinity was high (1.56-21.30 g/L), and the salt ions in irrigation water and groundwater were mainly Na⁺ and Cl^-.[Conclusion] The soil salinization characteristics under different land use types in the study area were mainly affected by factors such as surface coverage, crop types, and irrigation events. The quality of groundwater and irrigation water was an important factor affecting the soil salt content and salt ion type in the study area. Certain measures should be taken to control the groundwater level and salt content so as to protect existing cultivated land and forest land. The irrigation and drainage water of high salt content from farmland should be discharged to the salt wasteland. In the future, relevant research should be conducted on the spatial configuration of agricultural land and salt wasteland, and the rational allocation of salt discharge land would be conducive to the desalination of farmland.