[Objective] The changes in land use under different low-carbon scenarios were simulated, and the differences in carbon storage and carbon emissions under multiple scenarios were compared in order to provide relevant suggestions for the low-carbon development of Nanchang City. [Methods] The land use structure in 2030 was optimized based on the maximum carbon storage scenario and the minimum carbon emission scenario. The FLUS model was used to simulate the spatial distribution characteristics of land use in Nanchang under multiple scenarios. [Results] 1) According to the optimization results of the quantity structure, the carbon emissions of land use under the maximum carbon storage and minimum carbon emission scenarios were smaller than under the natural development scenario, and carbon storage was greater than under the natural development scenario. In a comprehensive view, the effect of quantitative structure optimization of land use under the scenario of maximum carbon sink was better. 2) According to the spatial structure simulation results, construction land under the low-carbon scenario was relatively concentrated in spatial distribution compared with the natural development scenario. The areas of carbon emission reduction and carbon storage increase were mainly located in the central and southern regions. [Conclusion] Optimizing land use structure, implementing ecological protection and cultivated land protection policies, limiting excessive expansion of construction land, and strengthening the regulation of key areas will help Nanchang City achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality as soon as possible.