[Objective] The landscape stability dynamics in the core area of Ejina Oasis from 2013 to 2020 and their driving mechanisms were determined in order to provide a basis for ecological restoration and sustainable development of the desert-oasis region. [Methods] Based on remote sensing images of Geosensor 1, a landscape pattern index, a landscape stability model, and GeoDetector, landscape stability dynamics of the core area of Ejina Oasis and its driving factors were investigated. [Results] ① The landscape type in the core area of Ejina Oasis was dominated by unused land, woodland. and grassland, accounting for 90.98% of the total area in 2020. Landscape connectivity and homogeneity of the study area decreased; aggregation, dominance, diversity, and heterogeneity increased; and landscape shapes tended to be simpler and regular from 2013 to 2020. ② Landscape stability of the study region was classified as “generally unstable, locally stable”, and the dynamics of landscape stability were classified as “mostly insignificant, locally variable, and more cold spots than hot spots” from 2013 to 2020. ③ Changes of groundwater depth, water supply, and vegetation cover had a great influence on the landscape stability dynamics of the study region. Climate change, human activities (urban construction, arable land expansion, tourism, etc.), and population growth were the causal factors for the above factors that indirectly caused changes in landscape stability. The driving factors had an interactive enhancement effect. [Conclusion] From 2013 to 2020, landscape stability for the entire study region was low and showed a downward trend. Factors such as arid climate condition, farming, tourism, and urban construction, and their interactions were the dominant factors that explained the reduction in landscape stability in the core area of Ejina Oasis.