[Objective] The soil salt content, salt distribution and alkalization characteristics after the change of land use patterns in Beijing suburbs were studied in order to provide scientific basis for the improvement and utilization of soil salinization and the improvement of economic benefits of fruit trees in this area and similar areas. [Methods] The study areas were located at Tongzhou District, Beijing City, where the soil type has shifted from farmland to orchards (pear, cherry, grape, apple, peach). The salinity distribution and salinization characteristics (including total salinity, main ion composition, pH value, electrical conductivity, and alkalinity degree) for two soil depths (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) were measured. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. [Results] ① The soil cations in the study area were dominated by Na⁺, and the anions were dominated by HCO^-₃. The total soil salt content, pH value, alkalinity, and electrical conductivity ranges were 0.83-5.39 g/kg, 7.45-8.23, 1.52%-12.77%, and 0.1-2.37 mS/cm, respectively. ② Variation in the horizontal direction was mainly of moderate intensity, while there was no significant variation in the vertical direction. ③ The total salt content and electrical conductivity exhibited a significant positive linear correlation, and the relationship was expressed as linear function (R²=0.864). [Conclusion] Soil salt ions in the orchards of Tongzhou District, Beijing City showed surface accumulation and were generally alkaline. Corresponding measures should be taken in time to improve soil fertility and form a virtuous ecological cycle.