[Objective] The effects of sugarcane planting methods 〔ratoon sugarcane (RS) and newly planting sugarcane (NS)〕 on soil erosion and nitrogen loss characteristics of slope land under natural rainfall were determined in order to provide a theoretical basis for regional water and soil loss prevention, and for determining reasonable planting practices for sugarcane. [Methods] In-situ observations were made of natural rainfall processes, runoff, sediment yield, and nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen losses under individual rainfall events for different sugarcane planting patterns 〔ratoon sugarcane (RS) and newly planting sugarcane (NS)〕 on lateritic soil from May to October in 2021. [Results] ① The numbers of individual erosive rainfall events in the NS and RS treatments were 40 and 43, respectively, and the erosive rainfall amounts were 981.8 mm and 1 013.0 mm, respectively, from May to October in 2021. Runoff, sediment, and nitrogen losses of sugarcane land mainly occurred in June. Nitrogen losses were mainly lost through surface runoff, accounting for more than 96.0% of the total nitrogen loss in runoff and sediment. Nitrate nitrogen loss accounted for more than 70% of total dissolved nitrogen in runoff, while ammonium nitrogen was the main nitrogen loss type in sediment (＞80%). Compared with the NS treatment, the total runoff and soil erosion of the RS treatment decreased by 31.8% and 83.5%, respectively, the loss of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in runoff decreased by 56.7% and 51.9%, and the sediment loss decreased by 85.4% and 60.2%. ② Runoff, sediment yield, and nitrogen losses of sugarcane land under the different treatments fluctuated with individual rainfall events among sugarcane growing treatments, and losses mainly arose from the rainfall occurring from June 3 to 24, 2021. The losses of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in runoff and erosion sediment for the RS treatment were generally lower than for the NS treatment. Additionally, runoff, sediment, and the nitrogen losses in runoff erosion gradually decreased with the growth of sugarcane. ③ The maximum 30-minute rainfall intensity (I₃₀) and rainfall were the main factors affecting nitrogen loss in sugarcane field runoff and sediment. The maximum 60-minute rainfall intensity (I₆₀) and I₃₀ were the main rainfall factors affecting the slope runoff erosion of the RS and NS treatments, respectively. [Conclusion] Losses of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in runoff and sediment in sugarcane land were mainly in the form of nitrate nitrogen occurring with surface runoff. Compared with the NS treatment, the RS treatment could effectively reduce runoff, erosion, and nitrogen losses during the sugarcane seedling stage and tillering stage. Differences between the two treatments gradually decreased in the later stage of elongation.