[Objective] By optimizing the spatial allocation of land resources, the efficiency of land use can be improved, and the rational distribution of various industries and infrastructure can be promoted in order to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive development of the regional social economy.[Methods] The study was conducted at Kaysone Phomvihane City in Laos. GIS spatial analysis technology, logistic regression analysis, and the CLUE-S model were combined to carry out the research on the spatial optimization of land resources. Under the constraints of spatial suitability and quantity structure, model calculations were performed on the basis of land demand, limiting factors, conversion rules, and spatial characteristics to optimize the spatial allocation of land resources in Kaysone Phomvihane City.[Results] The urban construction land and paddy fields expanded to suitable areas on the original basis. The relatively sparse forestry land was developed and utilized, resulting in a moderate reduction in area. Other land types had small changes in quantity and space.[Conclusion] Urbanization and agricultural development can provide the foundation and support for the economic development of Kaysone Phomvihane City. At the same time, ecological protection should be taken into account to promote coordinated and sustainable use of land resources.