[Objective] The purification effects of aquatic vegetables on the eutrophication waterlogging pool were studied, in order to provide new ideas and theoretical reference for the application of aquatic vegetables and other economic plants to the ecological restoration of eutrophication closed water in rural areas of Northwest China.[Methods] Taking Spinacia oleracea and Oenanthe javanica as experimental materials, the floating bed cultivation method was used to explore the effect of two aquatic vegetables on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) of water in water storage pond with different degrees of eutrophication.[Results] ① The related indicators of N and P were significantly decreased with two aquatic vegetables in the process of purifying the eutrophic water. Eventually, the water body of simulated pond had basically reached or exceeded the surface water quality standard of class Ⅴ water, and the purified water had reached the national standard. ② The average removal rates of S. oleracea and O. javanica to NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N and PO₄^3--P in water bodies were 94.37%, 96.66% and 88.95%; 97.27%, 94.64% and 83.48%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05), indicating that the two vegetables could efficiently recovery water from eutrophication. ③ The TN removal rate and average daily removal rate of two aquatic vegetables increased with the TN concentration, and showed that S. oleracea >O. javanica. With the TP concentration increasing, the TP removal rate of S. oleracea decreased, and the TP removal rate of O. javanica increased and showed that S. oleracea < O. javanica. It indicated that O. javanica was suitable for the eutrophic water with high N concentration, while S. oleracea was suitable for water with high P concentration.[Conclusion] Overall, S. oleracea and O. javanica have good absorption effects on TN and TP in three levels of eutrophic water bodies, and could play a vital role in water purification.