[Objective] The relationship between land use change and groundwater total dissolved solids (TDS) in the Yanqi Basin plain from 2005 to 2017 was analyzed to provide a basis for the sustainable use of groundwater and ecological environment development.[Methods] Geographic information system software was used to reclassify the CNLUCC data of Landsat-TM/ETM and Landsat 8 in the Yanqi Basin plain area in 2005, 2014, and 2017. The land was divided into six categories:cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area, urban construction land, and unused land. A total of 232 sets of groundwater samples collected from the Yanqi Basin were analyzed, and geostatistical methods and overlay analysis modules were used to study the characteristics and spatial distribution of total groundwater dissolved in the study area.[Results] The plain area of the Yanqi Basin was dominated by cultivated land, water, and unused land, accounting for more than 60% of the total area. In 2014, the highest average TDS content of cultivated land was 708.6 mg/L, and the lowest average TDS content of woodland was 680.4 mg/L. In 2017, the highest average TDS content of urban construction land was 521.6 mg/L, and the lowest average TDS content of unused land was 477.4 mg/L.[Conclusion] The average TDS content of each land use type in 2017 was lower than that in 2014, which is because the increase in water area that led to an increase in groundwater replenishment, a slowdown in the expansion of cultivated land, and the desalination of groundwater runoff active circulation zones.