[Objective] The impact of construction waste aggregate on the environment was studied to provide a basis for the application of reclaimed aggregate of construction waste in the water storage structure of sponge cities.[Methods] The particle fragmentation, compression deformation, and water storage rate change of the building waste recycled aggregate at different ratios and different moisture contents were studied through an indoor large-scale compression solidification test, and the environmental impact of the construction waste materials was studied using a leaching toxicity test.[Results] The recycled aggregate had a crushing trend in the compression process, and the degree of crushing of waste brick recycled aggregate was greater than that of waste concrete recycled aggregate. When the moisture content increased from 3% to 12%, the particle crushing rate increased from 121.73% to 132.64%. When the moisture content increased from 12% to 15%, the particle crushing rate decreased from 132.64% to 127.6%, reaching the maximum value near the optimal moisture content (11.56%). The water content affected the compression deformation of the recycled aggregate by affecting particle breakage. The change trend of particle breakage was consistent with the curve of the heavy compaction test. The optimal moisture content can be used to guide the water content control of the water storage structure, reduce particle breakage, and improve the water storage capacity and carrying capacity of the structure. The aggregate of construction waste in different areas had different impacts on the environment, so the reuse of the polluted construction waste should be avoided in the application.[Conclusion] The recycled aggregate of construction waste can be used for the construction of water storage structures in sponge cities. However, it is necessary to distinguish the sources of construction waste to ensure that the materials are free of pollution to the environment.