[Objective] The spatial variations in surface soil erosion resistance in the low elevation areas of the Helan Mountains in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were analyzed to provide useful references to environmental protection and ecosystem management and construction in this ecologically vulnerable area.[Methods] A field survey and laboratory measurements of the surface soil samples collected across the low elevation area of the Helan Mountains were conducted. The key factors determining surface soil erodibility were identified and a comprehensive evaluation model of soil erosion resistance was constructed to analyze the soil erosion resistance in the areas 1 300-1 800 m in elevation.[Results] ① The soil moisture content, total porosity, clay, silt content, and fractal dimension had significantly positive correlations with elevation and the bulk density and sand content had significantly negative correlations with elevation. These seven soil factors showed variability at weak or moderate levels. Therefore, they can be selected as the influencing factors of soil erodibility. ② Significant correlations between the influencing factors of soil porosity and soil particle size were found, suggesting information redundancy. ③ The comprehensive evaluation model of soil erosion resistance suggested that soil erosion resistance weakened as the elevation decreased from 1800 to 1300 m, showing a significantly positive correlation with elevation.[Conclusion] The soil properties and soil erosion resistances were significantly related to elevation in the low elevation area of the Helan Mountains. Special protection measures and soil remediation programs should be formulated to improve the soil structure and quality, strengthen soil erosion resistance, and enhance the functioning of soil and water conservation.