[Objective] The diversity of belowground bud banks and their underlying environmental determinants were studied in order to provide important theoretical value for protecting and restoring biodiversity.[Methods] Three habitats such as marsh (MA), marsh meadow (MM), and meadow (ME) in the Zoige Plateau wetland were selected as the study object, and the experimental data were processed by single-factor analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and path analysis.[Results] ① The total density of the belowground bud bank in MA was the largest, followed by those of MM and ME. Among the habitats, significant differences were recorded. Bud banks in MA were dominated by horizontal apical rhizome buds, while the bud banks in MM and ME were dominated by axillary rhizome buds and shoot buds, respectively. ② The bud length of MA was much larger than that in MM and ME, and the differences between these habitats were significant. The bud diameters of MA and MM were much larger than that in ME, while no significant difference was recorded between MA and MM. The bud length/diameter in MA was significantly larger than those in MM and ME, while there was no significant difference recorded between MM and ME. ③ The total nitrogen content of belowground bud (TNB) in MA was much larger than that in MM and ME, and a significant difference between habitats was found. However, no significant differences were recorded between the habitats for both total phosphorus content of bud (TPB) and the TNB/TPB ratio.[Conclusion] Soil moisture, available nitrogen, and total phosphorus were the main factors controlling density, morphology (length and diameter), biomass, and ecological stoichiometry of belowground buds on the Zoige Plateau.