[Objective] Taking Nanchong City of Sichuan Province as an example, the benefits of targeted poverty alleviation in underdeveloped areas were studied in order to provide scientific basis for regional poverty alleviation decision-making and socio-economic development.[Methods] Based on the targeted poverty alleviation in Nanchong City, a evaluation index system of targeted poverty alleviation was established from four dimensions of economic development, social progress, ecological protection and self-development. The AHP method was used to evaluate the benefits of targeted poverty alleviation in Nanchong from 2011 to 2016.[Results] ① The economic development benefits experienced a process of first reducing and then increasing. There was a decline trend during the period from 2011 to 2012, and the decrease rate was 20.8%. ② The social progress benefits showed a downward and upward trend, and it was reduced from 0.585 1 in 2011 to 0.404 0 in 2012. From 2015 to 2016, it was gradually increased. ③ The ecological protection benefits increased year by year, but the fluctuations decreased from 2012 to 2013, which was higher than the added value of economic development benefits and social progress benefits during the same period. ④ Self-development benefits showed an alternate process of increase and decrease, and the comprehensive benefit increased year by year from 2011 to 2016, although there were fluctuations in 2013.[Conclusion] Since the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation, Nanchong City has achieved remarkable economic development benefits, social progress benefits, ecological protection benefits, and self-development benefits.