[Objective] The spatial and temporal evolution of vegetation on the Loess Plateau from 1990 to 2015 was studied, and the driving forces of vegetation change in this region were analyzed from the aspects of climate change and human activities in order to provide a theoretical basis for formulating policies related to ecological environmental protection and regional sustainable development.[Methods] Based on GIMMS NDVI and MODIS NDVI, long-term sequence NDVI datasets were established. During the period of 1990-2015, the linear trend analysis, multiple linear regression and improved human residuals were used to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of vegetation with NDVI and land use data in the Loess Plateau. The characteristics and their influencing factors were quantitatively analyzed.[Result] ① Between 1990 and 2015, the NDVI of the Loess Plateau showed an upward trend, and the trend of change was more clearly divided into two periods, of which the rate of NDVI increased faster after 2000. ② After 2000, the NDVI of the Loess Plateau increased rapidly, and the rising area reached 91.90% of the total area, of which the NDVI significantly increased area ratio was 65.78%. ③ The overall area of vegetation in the Loess Plateau increased, and it mainly came from the transfer of cultivated land. ④ The vegetation restoration area promoted by human activities accounted for 21.74% of the total area, mainly distributed in the eastern and northern parts of Inner Mongolia, southern area of Gansu and Ningxia Region, as well as the central areas of Shaanxi and Shanxi Province.[Conclusion] With the implementation of the policy of returning farmland to forest and grass land, the vegetation area in the Loess Plateau continued to increase, and the vegetation growth continued to improve. The main reason for the restoration of vegetation on the Loess Plateau was the combination of climate and humans, and the degree of human influence was relatively larger.