[Objective] The impacts of Tangpu reservoir development and management activities on watershed land use and eco-environmental effects were studied in order to provide reference for pollution prevention and operation management of water source reservoirs.[Methods] Through ENVI remote sensing interpretation of the land use status of the reservoir basin in five different periods, the LUCC transfer matrix and ecological value index of the reservoir basin were analyzed. Based on the spatial analysis of ArcGIS, the main pollution monitoring and control areas in the basin were identified, and the trend of the ecological value index of the basin after the relocation of existing residents in the reservoir basin was predicted.[Results] The main LUCC in the basin was forest land-grassland-forest land; the ecological value index of the basin in the past 20 years showed an "N" shape trend, which reached the highest in 2008; The ecological value index of mountainous forest areas in the basin was higher than other areas and the ecological value was relatively stable; The key monitoring area of the basin should be located along the east-west section of the S212 provincial road and the area of Wangtan Town, after the implementation of the ecological resettlement of the basin, the relative ecological value index of the basin would increase slowly then quickly. The ecological value index of relocation increased from 0.015 to 0.084 and the ratio of whole basin increased 11.2%.[Conclusion] The reservoir had been in good ecological environment for nearly 20 years. The implementation of the project of returning farmland to forests and human activities were the main reasons affecting the changes in habitat quality of reservoirs in water source areas.