[Objective] The temporal and spatial variations of soil conservation service function of the Yangtze River economic belt from 2010 to 2015 were analyzed.[Methods] The revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) was used to analyze the soil conservation service function.[Results] The average amount of annual soil conservation was 1.88×10¹⁰ t/a, and the soil holding volume per unit area was 91.54 t/(hm²·a) during the study period. The soil holding volume per unit area of forest, grassland and farmland ecosystem was 129.09, 111.47 and 40.38 t/(hm²·a), respectively. The soil conservation service function of the Yangtze River economic belt showed an upward trend from 2010 to 2015. The service functions of slope soil in the national optimal development zone, key development zones, agricultural production zones and key ecological function zones was enhanced.[Conclusion] Soil conservation capacity of forest, grassland and farmland decreased in sequence. The implementation of major function oriented zoning strategy was significant in improving the ecological security capability of the Yangtze River economic belt.