[Objective] This paper measured the environmental efficiency of cultivated land in Jiangxi Province from 2001 to 2015 in order to judge the degree of coordinated development of cultivated land use and environment, and to propose corresponding improvement strategies.[Methods] Based on the panel data of farmland inputs and outputs of 11 prefecture-level cities in Jiangxi Province from 2001 to 2015, the environmental efficiency of cultivated land was measured by using slack-based model directional distance function.[Results] ① The utilization of cultivated land use and the environment in Jiangxi Province was in a relatively coordinated development stage, and the coordinated development presented a "rising-falling" trend. ② The development of cultivated land use and environment in different cities showed different statues and trends. Ganzhou City and Jiujiang City were in an inconsistent development all the year round, and they were the key areas for government supervision. ③ The potential of coordinated development and improvement of cultivated land use and environment in different cities mainly relied on the reduction of non-expected outputs and the redundancy of cultivated land inputs, and the improvement strategies were different among vary regions.[Conclusion] ① The efficiency of cultivated land use can be improved, the pollution of arable land can be reduced and the quality of cultivated land can be improved, by transforming cultivated land model to connotative model based on technical efficiency and technological progress. ② The related policies need to be made to solve the land source pollution issues. ③ Cultivated land recuperation and rest system need to be explored. ④ Different solutions should be focused on promoting the coordinated development of cultivated land use and environment in different cities, and strengthen exchanges and cooperation between cities.