[Objective] To selecte the optimal application amount of soil structure amendment for the growth of rice in saline alkali land in the Yinbei irrigated area of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, in order to provide scientific basis for the improvement and application of saline alkali land of the same type in China.[Methods] A field experiment was conducted in Yinbei irrigation region in 2016. Different application rate of soil structure amendment (0, 150, 270 and 375 kg/hm²) with uniform desulfurized gypsum application rate (22.5 t/hm²) were used in the experiment.[Results] With the application of desulfurized gypsum and structure amendments, the pH value, total salt content and bulk density at 0-20 cm soil layer showed a decreasing trend, while the total soil porosity and water-stable aggregate content showed an increasing trend. The improvement effect was better at 0-20 cm layer, but the effect was not obvious below the depth of 40 cm. Application of the amendment increased the survival rate, plant height and yield of rice, and there were significant differences between treatments (p<0.05).[Conclusion] The application of desulfurized gypsum and structure amendment can significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of the takyr solonetz soil and promote the growth of rice. Considering the economic factors, the optimal soil structure amendment rate was 270 kg/hm² and the optimal desulfurized gypsum application amount was 22.5 t/hm².